BOAS is a condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which, unattended, can lead to severe respiratory distress or even death. Because BOAS makes it more difficult to breathe, in situations of exercise, stress, or heat, an animal with this condition may be unable to take deep or fast enough breaths to blow off carbon dioxide. When this occurs, it leads to distress and further increases their respiratory and heart rate, creating a vicious cycle that can quickly lead to a life-threatening situation or death. BOAS has been linked to changes in the lungs, as well as the gastrointestinal tract including bronchial or larynx collapse, gastroesophageal (acid) reflux, and chronic gastritis. Animals with this condition should never be exposed to high temperatures or heat, especially a hot vehicle, as they are far more likely to perish than other breeds.